X-rays can be created by bombarding a metal target with high energy (> ) electrons.Monochromatic and Broad Spectrum of X-rays When a high voltage is applied between the electrodes, streams of electrons (cathode rays) are accelerated from the cathode to the anode and produce X rays as they strike the anode. X rays can be produced in a highly evacuated glass bulb, called an X-ray tube, that contains essentially two electrodes-an anode made of platinum, tungsten, or another heavy metal of high melting point, and a cathode.The energy level of the photon depends on how far the electron dropped between orbitals. When an electron drops to a lower orbital, it needs to release some energy it releases the extra energy in the form of a photon.Electrons occupy different energy levels, or orbitals, around an atom's nucleus. Visible light photons and X-ray photons are both produced by the movement of electrons in atoms.The energy of the photon is related to its frequency by the following formula: =Wavelength, ע = Frequency, c = Velocity of light x-ray≈ 10-10 ≈1A° E ~ 104 ev Electromagnetic radiation described as having packets of energy, or photons.The wavelength range for X rays is from about 10-8 m to about 10-11 m, the corresponding frequency range is from about 3 × 1016 Hz to about 3 × 1019 Hz. X ray, invisible, highly penetrating electromagnetic radiation of much shorter wavelength (higher frequency) than visible light.He was awarded the Nobel prize for physics in 1901.X-rays were discovered in 1895 by the German physicist Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen and were so named because their nature was unknown at the time.CHAPTER 3X-RAY DIFFRACTION IN CRYSTAL X-Ray Diffraction Diffraction of Waves by Crystals X-Ray Diffraction Bragg Equation X-Ray Methods Neutron & Electron Diffraction Bertha Röntgen’s Hand 8 Nov, 1895

Transmission laue method